Sources, editions & rights.
A register of the texts and institutional references behind the atlas. Each entry links directly to the sources it uses.
The atlas publishes original explanations and modern editorial illustrations. It does not reproduce museum photographs, historic book scans, or passages from modern translations. An online source can be available to read without being licensed for commercial reuse.
We read Project Gutenberg’s license policy: US copyright status is not a worldwide license, and trademark and electronic-edition conditions are separate. Historical translations are references here; their text is not republished. No blanket claim is made about their status in every jurisdiction.
120 source records · Access dates listed with each edition
Theogony, in Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica ↗
Hesiod; translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Ancient poem conventionally dated around 700 BCE; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Ancient poem conventionally dated around 700 BCE; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Hesiod; translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Theogony, in Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in How the Greek world takes shape · Prometheus and the stolen fire · Pandora and the unopened question · Two beginnings for Aphrodite · Zeus · Hera · Hades · Athena · Artemis · Hermes · Dionysus · Aphrodite · Prometheus · Gaia / Earth · Typhon / Typhoeus · When gods replace their rulers · Medusa · Pegasus · The Chimera · The Sphinx of Thebes · Cerberus · Ariadne · Hecate · Poseidon · Nike / Victory · Nemesis · Olympus · Tartarus · Promises that bind gods and heroes.
Works and Days, in Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica ↗
Hesiod; translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Ancient poem conventionally dated around 700 BCE; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Ancient poem conventionally dated around 700 BCE; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Hesiod; translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Works and Days, in Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Prometheus and the stolen fire · Pandora and the unopened question · Athena · Nemesis.
Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter ↗
Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Persephone’s divided year · Zeus · Demeter · Persephone · Hades · Hermes · Eleusis · Hecate.
Homeric Hymn 3 to Apollo ↗
Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Homeric Hymn 3 to Apollo; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Leto finds a home on Delos · Hera · Artemis · Apollo · Typhon / Typhoeus · Delphi / Pytho · Promises that bind gods and heroes.
Homeric Hymn 4 to Hermes ↗
Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Homeric Hymn 4 to Hermes; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Hermes steals Apollo’s cattle · Zeus · Apollo · Hermes.
Homeric Hymns 5 and 6 to Aphrodite ↗
Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Homeric Hymns 5 and 6 to Aphrodite; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Two beginnings for Aphrodite · Aphrodite · Hestia · Promises that bind gods and heroes.
Homeric Hymn 7 to Dionysus ↗
Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Homeric Hymn 7 to Dionysus; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Dionysus and the pirates · Dionysus.
Short Homeric Hymns 9–33 ↗
Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White · Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Individual ancient dates disputed; translation 1914; digital edition updated 2020
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Host identifies the historical edition as public domain in the USA. Evelyn-White died in 1924; publication and death dates support expiry under many ordinary copyright terms, but worldwide status is not asserted. The atlas links to the edition and supplies original explanations rather than redistributing its translation, notes, or images.
- Attribution
- Anonymous ancient Greek poet(s); translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Short Homeric Hymns 9–33; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Hera · Athena · Artemis · Apollo · Hermes · Dionysus · Gaia / Earth · Heracles · Poseidon · Hephaestus · Hestia.
Iliad ↗
Homer (traditional attribution); translated by Samuel Butler · Ancient epic conventionally dated late eighth or seventh century BCE; translation 1898
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Ancient epic conventionally dated late eighth or seventh century BCE; translation 1898
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Butler died in 1902. No translation, illustrations, or editorial apparatus reproduced; the US status is not presented as a worldwide clearance.
- Attribution
- Homer (traditional attribution); translated by Samuel Butler, Iliad; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Two beginnings for Aphrodite · Aphrodite · Pegasus · The Chimera · Poseidon · Hephaestus · Olympus · Hospitality and guest-friendship · The cost of a remembered name.
Metamorphoses, Books 1–7 ↗
Ovid; translated by Henry Thomas Riley · Latin poem completed around 8 CE; translation first published 1851; digital edition collates nineteenth-century printings
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Latin poem completed around 8 CE; translation first published 1851; digital edition collates nineteenth-century printings
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Riley died in 1878. Only ancient narrative facts inform original commentary; no translated wording or illustrations reproduced. The nineteenth-century explanations contain obsolete comparative claims and are not treated as modern scholarship.
- Attribution
- Ovid; translated by Henry Thomas Riley, Metamorphoses, Books 1–7; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in How the Greek world takes shape · Persephone’s divided year · Persephone · Hades · Prometheus · Deucalion and Pyrrha after the flood · Arachne challenges the goddess of weaving · Actaeon becomes the hunted · Medusa · Medea · Hecate · Nemesis · What survives a changed body?.
Greek Gods and Religious Practices ↗
Colette Hemingway and Séan Hemingway · 2003-10-01
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2003-10-01
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyrighted museum essay; referenced, not reproduced
- Rights assessment
- No museum prose or object imagery reused. The museum’s image open-access policy is not assumed to cover this essay.
- Attribution
- Colette Hemingway and Séan Hemingway, Greek Gods and Religious Practices; The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Zeus.
The Project Gutenberg License ↗
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation · Live policy; accessed 2026-11-13
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Live policy; accessed 2026-11-13
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Policy and trademark terms; linked for rights context
- Rights assessment
- The policy expressly directs users outside the USA to check local copyright law. A USA public-domain label is not a worldwide commercial license.
- Attribution
- Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, The Project Gutenberg License; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in the source policy and editorial methodology.
Archaeological Site of Eleusis ↗
Ephorate of Antiquities of West Attica · Undated institutional page; accessed 2026-11-13
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated institutional page; accessed 2026-11-13
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyrighted institutional information; referenced only
- Rights assessment
- No page prose, photographs, plans, or logos reproduced. Original geographic and historical explanation only.
- Attribution
- Ephorate of Antiquities of West Attica, Archaeological Site of Eleusis, Hellenic Ministry of Culture.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Eleusis.
Odyssey ↗
Homer (traditional attribution); translated by Samuel Butler · Ancient Greek epic conventionally dated late eighth or seventh century BCE; translation first published 1900; electronic edition updated 2026-11-02
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Ancient Greek epic conventionally dated late eighth or seventh century BCE; translation first published 1900; electronic edition updated 2026-11-02
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Butler died in 1902. The historical translation is linked for reference, with no copied translation, notes, or imagery. Its US status is not asserted as worldwide clearance. Butler’s speculative claims about authorship and geography are not adopted as established scholarship.
- Attribution
- Homer (traditional attribution); translated by Samuel Butler, Odyssey; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Theseus enters the labyrinth · Odysseus in the Cyclops’s cave · Circe changes the returning sailors · Odysseus · Ariadne · Poseidon · Olympus · Ithaca · Hospitality and guest-friendship · What survives a changed body? · Promises that bind gods and heroes · The cost of a remembered name.
Metamorphoses, Books 8–15 ↗
Ovid; translated by Henry Thomas Riley · Latin poem completed around 8 CE; translation 1851; 1893 George Bell reprint digitized in 2008; electronic edition updated 2023-10-28
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Latin poem completed around 8 CE; translation 1851; 1893 George Bell reprint digitized in 2008; electronic edition updated 2023-10-28
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Riley died in 1878. Original commentary uses ancient narrative facts without reproducing the translation or illustrations. The host’s US assessment is not a worldwide license. The nineteenth-century explanatory notes are not treated as current scholarship.
- Attribution
- Ovid; translated by Henry Thomas Riley, Metamorphoses, Books 8–15; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Orpheus tries to recover Eurydice · Daedalus and Icarus take flight · Pygmalion and the living ivory · Atalanta and the three golden apples · Cerberus · What survives a changed body?.
Library and Epitome ↗
Pseudo-Apollodorus (ancient author uncertain); translated by Sir James George Frazer · Greek compilation probably first or second century CE; ending survives through later epitomes; Frazer translation 1921; host text page dated 2026-10-05
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Greek compilation probably first or second century CE; ending survives through later epitomes; Frazer translation 1921; host text page dated 2026-10-05
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Host identifies the historical translation as public domain and the Perseus digital text as CC BY-SA 4.0; modern host introductions and notes are copyrighted
- Rights assessment
- Frazer died in 1941. The atlas supplies original commentary on ancient narrative facts and does not reproduce the translation, digital text, editorial introductions, notes, or imagery. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. The host’s modern summaries and Frazer’s comparative theories are not used as evidence for ancient events.
- Attribution
- Pseudo-Apollodorus (ancient author uncertain); translated by Sir James George Frazer, Library and Epitome; GreekMythology.com, hosting the Perseus Digital Library text.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Perseus and the Gorgon’s head · Theseus enters the labyrinth · Jason gains the Golden Fleece · Atalanta and the three golden apples · Medusa · Pegasus · The Chimera · The Sphinx of Thebes · The Minotaur · Cerberus · Heracles · Medea · Ariadne · Poseidon · Promises that bind gods and heroes.
Georgics, Book 4 ↗
Virgil; translated by James Rhoades · Latin poem published around 29 BCE; nineteenth-century Rhoades translation; electronic edition released 1995 and updated 2021-01-01
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Latin poem published around 29 BCE; nineteenth-century Rhoades translation; electronic edition released 1995 and updated 2021-01-01
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; public domain in USA according to host
- Rights assessment
- Rhoades died in 1923. The atlas links the edition and writes original explanations; no translated verse, editorial material, or imagery is reproduced. US public-domain status is not a claim of worldwide clearance. Passage numbers refer to the Latin poem, not the translation’s line count.
- Attribution
- Virgil; translated by James Rhoades, Georgics, Book 4; Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Orpheus tries to recover Eurydice.
The Poetic Edda (1923 translation) ↗
Anonymous Old Norse poets; translated by Henry Adams Bellows (1885–1939) · 1923 translation; medieval poems preserved principally in manuscripts of the thirteenth century
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1923 translation; medieval poems preserved principally in manuscripts of the thirteenth century
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Catalog marks the translation public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg license applies to redistribution of its branded files.
- Rights assessment
- Reference only. Bellows died in 1939; that fact does not establish unrestricted status in every jurisdiction. Ancient narrative material is retold in original prose; no translation passage, editorial note, or illustration is reproduced. Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century dating judgments are not treated as scholarly consensus.
- Attribution
- Anonymous, Poetic Edda, Henry Adams Bellows translation, New York: American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1923; Project Gutenberg eBook 73533. Stanza numbering follows this edition.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in A world made from Ymir · Thor fishes for the world-serpent · The theft of Thor’s hammer · The binding of Fenrir · The death of Baldr · The mead of poetry · Ragnarök: destruction and renewal · Odin · Thor · Loki · Freyja · Freyr · Baldr · Týr · Frigg · Fenrir · Jörmungandr · Níðhöggr · Yggdrasil · Asgard · Hel: realm and ruler · Jötunheim · Odin’s ordeal and the runes · Odin’s contest with Vafþrúðnir · Odin between the fires · The builder of Asgard’s wall · Thor in Geirröðr’s stronghold · Skírnir’s embassy to Gerðr · Heimdall · Skaði · Njörðr · Gerðr · Skírnir · Bragi · Hœnir · Víðarr · Váli · The Norns · Ratatoskr · Sleipnir · Valhalla · Bifröst · Mímir · Sif.
The Younger Edda / Prose Edda (1901 printing) ↗
Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241); translated by Rasmus B. Anderson (1846–1936) · 1901 printing of Anderson’s translation (copyright 1879); medieval work composed in Iceland around the 1220s
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1901 printing of Anderson’s translation (copyright 1879); medieval work composed in Iceland around the 1220s
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Catalog marks the translation public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg license applies to redistribution of its branded files.
- Rights assessment
- Reference only, with no reproduced translation or images. Territorial status is not inferred from a US label. Anderson’s section numbering and spellings differ from many modern editions; this atlas gives his chapter titles and section numbers and normalizes names in its own prose. His antiquarian theories are not adopted.
- Attribution
- Snorri Sturluson, The Younger Edda, Rasmus B. Anderson translation, Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1901 (copyright 1879); Project Gutenberg eBook 18947.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in A world made from Ymir · Thor fishes for the world-serpent · The binding of Fenrir · The death of Baldr · The mead of poetry · Ragnarök: destruction and renewal · Odin · Thor · Loki · Freyja · Freyr · Baldr · Týr · Frigg · Fenrir · Jörmungandr · Níðhöggr · Yggdrasil · Asgard · Hel: realm and ruler · Jötunheim · The abduction and return of Iðunn · The builder of Asgard’s wall · Thor at Útgarða-Loki’s hall · Thor in Geirröðr’s stronghold · Thor’s duel with Hrungnir · Loki’s wager with the dwarfs · Skírnir’s embassy to Gerðr · Heimdall · Iðunn · Skaði · Njörðr · Gerðr · Skírnir · Bragi · Hœnir · Víðarr · Váli · The Norns · Ratatoskr · Sleipnir · Valhalla · Bifröst · Mímir · Sif · Kvasir.
New Electronic Edition of the Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda ↗
Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies · 2024-11-13
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2024-11-13
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- No open reuse license asserted for the institutional article.
- Rights assessment
- Linked as authoritative manuscript context; only bibliographic facts summarized. No article prose, photographs, manuscript images, or transcriptions reproduced.
- Attribution
- Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, “New Electronic Edition of the Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda,” 13 November 2024.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The theft of Thor’s hammer.
The Codex Trajectinus of the Prose Edda ↗
Bart Jaski · June 2025
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- June 2025
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- No open reuse license asserted for the article or manuscript photography.
- Rights assessment
- Linked for manuscript history and bibliographic facts; no prose or images reproduced.
- Attribution
- Bart Jaski, “The Codex Trajectinus of the Prose Edda,” Utrecht University Library, June 2025.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Asgard.
The Project Gutenberg License ↗
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation · Current policy page; no publication date displayed
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Current policy page; no publication date displayed
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Project Gutenberg License; includes trademark and territorial conditions.
- Rights assessment
- Used to document why a US public-domain catalog notice is not a worldwide commercial reuse clearance. This atlas links to the editions but does not distribute Gutenberg eBook files.
- Attribution
- Project Gutenberg, “The Project Gutenberg License,” accessed 13 November 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in the source policy and editorial methodology.
Ynglinga saga, Finnur Jónsson’s Old Norse edition ↗
Attributed to Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241); edited by Finnur Jónsson (1858–1934) · Medieval Icelandic work, early thirteenth century; Finnur Jónsson’s Heimskringla I–IV published 1893–1900
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Medieval Icelandic work, early thirteenth century; Finnur Jónsson’s Heimskringla I–IV published 1893–1900
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical primary text consulted for original commentary. No blanket license for the modern website or its transcription is asserted.
- Rights assessment
- No Old Norse text, translation, editorial apparatus, or image reproduced. The medieval narrative is explained in original prose. Historical publication and editor death dates do not by themselves establish worldwide unrestricted reuse of the digital edition.
- Attribution
- Snorri Sturluson, Ynglinga saga, in Heimskringla: Nóregs konunga sǫgur, edited by Finnur Jónsson, 1893–1900, volume I; Heimskringla.no transcription labelled FJ 1900. Chapter numbers follow that edition.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Legends of the Gods: The Egyptian Texts, edited with Translations ↗
E. A. Wallis Budge (1857–1934) · 1912; digital edition updated 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1912; digital edition updated 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical edition; unrestricted under US copyright according to the ebook notice.
- Rights assessment
- 1912 publication and author death in 1934 are documented; ordinary life-plus-70 terms have elapsed. Gutenberg does not certify worldwide status. No translation, illustrations, or ebook package redistributed. Old readings and colonial assumptions are not adopted as current scholarship.
- Attribution
- E. A. Wallis Budge (1857–1934). Legends of the Gods: The Egyptian Texts, edited with Translations. 1912; digital edition updated 2021. Project Gutenberg; original publisher Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co..
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Creation in more than one voice · Isis and the secret name of Ra · The red beer that stops destruction · Ra: the sun as a changing divine power · Atum: completeness before unfolding · Isis: a goddess whose actions make a difference · Horus: the heir, the child, and the injured eye · Hathor: danger, pleasure, and repair · Thoth: writing, judgment, and effective speech · Nun: waters before the differentiated world · Maat: the right order and the work of judgment · Bentresh and the god who must go home · Isis and the seven scorpions · Horus is poisoned and the sun stands still · Apep: the enemy who must be overcome again · Bennu: renewal in the form of a bird · Serqet: protection at the edge of poison · Khnum: making bodies and sustaining a land · Bes: a protective face close to daily life · Sekhmet: dangerous strength turned toward healing · Geb: earth, inheritance, and adjudication · Nut: the sky that carries and gives birth · Shu: the work of holding space open · Tefnut: a first companion in creation.
The Project Gutenberg License ↗
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation · Undated policy; consulted 2026-11-13
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated policy; consulted 2026-11-13
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Project Gutenberg license and trademark terms.
- Rights assessment
- US status is not a worldwide commercial-use license. Reference links are acknowledgements, not redistribution of an ebook.
- Attribution
- Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. The Project Gutenberg License. Undated policy; consulted 2026-11-13. Project Gutenberg.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in the source policy and editorial methodology.
The Philosophy of a Memphite Priest, with a Reproduction of the Memphite Slab ↗
James Henry Breasted (1865–1935) · 1903
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1903
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical scholarly edition; public-domain term assessment, not a worldwide license.
- Rights assessment
- The 1903 work and author death in 1935 are beyond US publication and ordinary life-plus-70 terms. No facsimile or translated wording reproduced. Early dating arguments are treated as historical interpretations, not established facts.
- Attribution
- James Henry Breasted (1865–1935). The Philosophy of a Memphite Priest, with a Reproduction of the Memphite Slab. 1903. The Open Court 1903, issue 8, article 2; Southern Illinois University repository.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in the source policy and editorial methodology.
The Philosophy of a Memphite Priest: historical text and translation ↗
James Henry Breasted · 1903; scan hosted 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1903; scan hosted 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical public-domain edition; scan used for consultation only.
- Rights assessment
- Ancient text and old translation consulted; neither scan nor illustrations reused. Author died 1935. Modern hosting is not itself a rights grant.
- Attribution
- James Henry Breasted. The Philosophy of a Memphite Priest: historical text and translation. 1903; scan hosted 2021. The Open Court; scan hosted by New Syllabus.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Creation in more than one voice · Atum: completeness before unfolding · Ptah: making through thought and speech · Seth: disruption with more than one outcome · Nephthys: the second mourner is not incidental · Memphis: a city, a temple, and a claim about creation · Geb: earth, inheritance, and adjudication.
Hieroglyphs: Unlocking Ancient Egypt — large-print guide ↗
British Museum · 2022
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2022
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyright retained; no commercial reuse license assumed.
- Rights assessment
- Used for object identification and dating of EA498 only. No museum image or guide text reproduced.
- Attribution
- British Museum. Hieroglyphs: Unlocking Ancient Egypt — large-print guide. 2022. The Trustees of the British Museum.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Creation in more than one voice · Ptah: making through thought and speech · Memphis: a city, a temple, and a claim about creation · Geb: earth, inheritance, and adjudication.
Gods and goddesses in Ancient Egypt: creation ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated page in the Digital Egypt project
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated page in the Digital Egypt project
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyright University College London; all rights reserved.
- Rights assessment
- Consulted for scholarly cautions about reconstructing creation accounts and uncertain origins. No text or images reused.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Gods and goddesses in Ancient Egypt: creation. Undated page in the Digital Egypt project. University College London.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Creation in more than one voice · Atum: completeness before unfolding · Nun: waters before the differentiated world.
Great Hymn to Osiris on the stela of Amenmose, Louvre C286 ↗
Ancient Egyptian author unknown; historical translation edited by E. A. Wallis Budge · Ancient stela: Eighteenth Dynasty, approximately 1550–1295 BCE; edition 1912
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Ancient stela: Eighteenth Dynasty, approximately 1550–1295 BCE; edition 1912
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Ancient composition; historical edition terms as for eg-budge-legends.
- Rights assessment
- Original explanation of the ancient hymn. No quotation or image of the stela reused. Budge’s broad claims about an original African religion are not repeated.
- Attribution
- Ancient Egyptian author unknown; historical translation edited by E. A. Wallis Budge. Great Hymn to Osiris on the stela of Amenmose, Louvre C286. Ancient stela: Eighteenth Dynasty, approximately 1550–1295 BCE; edition 1912. Legends of the Gods, chapter V.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Osiris: loss, care, and a disputed inheritance · Osiris: a ruler among the dead · Isis: a goddess whose actions make a difference.
On Isis and Osiris, sections 12–20 and 35–39 ↗
Plutarch; historical English version in E. A. Wallis Budge · Plutarch: approximately early second century CE; edition 1912
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Plutarch: approximately early second century CE; edition 1912
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Ancient work; historical edition terms as for eg-budge-legends.
- Rights assessment
- Consulted as a Greek-language Roman-period interpretation, not as a transparent record of every Egyptian period. No translated text reproduced.
- Attribution
- Plutarch; historical English version in E. A. Wallis Budge. On Isis and Osiris, sections 12–20 and 35–39. Plutarch: approximately early second century CE; edition 1912. Legends of the Gods, chapter IX.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Osiris: loss, care, and a disputed inheritance · Osiris: a ruler among the dead · Isis: a goddess whose actions make a difference · Seth: disruption with more than one outcome · Nephthys: the second mourner is not incidental · Anubis: attending to the dead · Abydos: being near Osiris · Neith: an authoritative voice beyond the courtroom · Nut: the sky that carries and gives birth.
The Contending of Horus and Seth, Papyrus Chester Beatty I ↗
Ancient author unknown; online page cites M. Lichtheim and W. K. Simpson · Manuscript: Twentieth Dynasty, approximately twelfth century BCE; web date not stated
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Manuscript: Twentieth Dynasty, approximately twelfth century BCE; web date not stated
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Modern translation copyright; no open reuse license identified.
- Rights assessment
- Ancient narrative events consulted; original English explanation only. The page lists Lichtheim 1976 and Simpson 2003, without unambiguously assigning this translation to an individual. No quotation or image reused.
- Attribution
- Ancient author unknown; online page cites M. Lichtheim and W. K. Simpson. The Contending of Horus and Seth, Papyrus Chester Beatty I. Manuscript: Twentieth Dynasty, approximately twelfth century BCE; web date not stated. Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Digital Library of Inscriptions and Calligraphies.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Horus and Seth go to judgment · Isis: a goddess whose actions make a difference · Horus: the heir, the child, and the injured eye · Seth: disruption with more than one outcome · Hathor: danger, pleasure, and repair · Thoth: writing, judgment, and effective speech · Maat: the right order and the work of judgment · Neith: an authoritative voice beyond the courtroom.
Manuscripts from Deir el-Medina ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated page in the Digital Egypt project
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated page in the Digital Egypt project
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyright University College London; no reuse license assumed.
- Rights assessment
- Consulted for the manuscript group and Chester Beatty I context; no text or imagery reproduced.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Manuscripts from Deir el-Medina. Undated page in the Digital Egypt project. University College London.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Horus and Seth go to judgment.
Egyptian Tales, Second Series: Anpu and Bata ↗
W. M. Flinders Petrie (1853–1942) · 1895; second edition 1913; ebook updated 2012
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1895; second edition 1913; ebook updated 2012
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical edition unrestricted in the US; no worldwide rights guarantee.
- Rights assessment
- Petrie died in 1942; ordinary life-plus-70 terms have elapsed. Original narrative explanation only. Tristram Ellis illustrations not used; comparative speculations and dated social hierarchies not adopted.
- Attribution
- W. M. Flinders Petrie (1853–1942). Egyptian Tales, Second Series: Anpu and Bata. 1895; second edition 1913; ebook updated 2012. Project Gutenberg; Methuen historical edition.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The Two Brothers: a life hidden outside the body · The prince threatened by three fates · Setne and the book that should be returned.
Egyptian Tales, First Series: The Shipwrecked Sailor ↗
W. M. Flinders Petrie; online edition prepared by David K. Jordan · Historical volume: 1895/1899; web edition modified 2012-11-24
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Historical volume: 1895/1899; web edition modified 2012-11-24
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical translation; modern formatting and commentary not licensed for reuse.
- Rights assessment
- Consulted for the narrative; checked against Nederhof because historical readings differ. No text, illustrations, or modern editorial presentation reused.
- Attribution
- W. M. Flinders Petrie; online edition prepared by David K. Jordan. Egyptian Tales, First Series: The Shipwrecked Sailor. Historical volume: 1895/1899; web edition modified 2012-11-24. University of California San Diego faculty website.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Shipwrecked Sailor: hieroglyphic text, transliteration and translation ↗
Mark-Jan Nederhof, following A. M. Blackman and other editions · English translation last modified 2015-01-24; compilation 2015
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- English translation last modified 2015-01-24; compilation 2015
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- No commercial reuse license assumed for modern translation or layout.
- Rights assessment
- Consulted to check ancient line numbers and the ending omitted or misread in early translations. Original explanation only; no translation or glyph plates reproduced.
- Attribution
- Mark-Jan Nederhof, following A. M. Blackman and other editions. Shipwrecked Sailor: hieroglyphic text, transliteration and translation. English translation last modified 2015-01-24; compilation 2015. University of St Andrews faculty-hosted Egyptian corpus.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Egyptian Ideas of the Future Life ↗
E. A. Wallis Budge · 1899; third edition 1908; ebook updated 2024
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1899; third edition 1908; ebook updated 2024
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical edition unrestricted in the US; no worldwide guarantee.
- Rights assessment
- Author died 1934; ordinary life-plus-70 terms have elapsed. Used for embedded ancient texts, particularly Book of the Dead 125. Budge’s monotheistic framework and judgments about Egyptian culture are rejected as dated interpretation; no illustrations or wording reproduced.
- Attribution
- E. A. Wallis Budge. Egyptian Ideas of the Future Life. 1899; third edition 1908; ebook updated 2024. Project Gutenberg; Kegan Paul historical edition.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Osiris: a ruler among the dead · Nephthys: the second mourner is not incidental · Anubis: attending to the dead · Maat: the right order and the work of judgment · Ammit: the consequence beside the scales · Bennu: renewal in the form of a bird · Khnum: making bodies and sustaining a land · Heket: helping a life arrive · Meskhenet: birth, identity, and a future announced · The Field of Reeds: a life with water and grain.
Ancient Egyptian Amulets ↗
Isabel Stünkel · 2019-02-01
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2019-02-01
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyright retained; essay is not assumed to be CC0.
- Rights assessment
- Used as a scholarly reference for the wedjat eye and funerary amulets. Museum open-access image status does not automatically apply to essays. No imagery or prose reused.
- Attribution
- Isabel Stünkel. Ancient Egyptian Amulets. 2019-02-01. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Horus and Seth go to judgment · Horus: the heir, the child, and the injured eye · Hathor: danger, pleasure, and repair · Thoth: writing, judgment, and effective speech · The djed: giving stability a visible form.
Abydos ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · 2000
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2000
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyright University College London; all rights reserved.
- Rights assessment
- Used for the archaeological and cultic history of the site; no map or image reused.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Abydos. 2000. University College London.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Osiris: a ruler among the dead · Abydos: being near Osiris.
Memphis: background information ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated page; bibliography includes 2001
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated page; bibliography includes 2001
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Copyright University College London; no open reuse license assumed.
- Rights assessment
- Used for site location and the Ptah cult. No map, illustration, or original prose reused.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Memphis: background information. Undated page; bibliography includes 2001. University College London.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Ptah: making through thought and speech · Memphis: a city, a temple, and a claim about creation.
Papyrus Cat.1993: the legend of Isis and the secret name of Ra ↗
Museo Egizio · Twentieth Dynasty, museum range 1190–1077 BCE; online record date not stated
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Twentieth Dynasty, museum range 1190–1077 BCE; online record date not stated
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Museum copyright; no commercial asset reuse license assumed.
- Rights assessment
- Object identification, dating and uncertain provenance consulted. No papyrus image, scan, or catalogue prose reproduced.
- Attribution
- Museo Egizio, Turin. Papyrus Cat.1993. Collection record.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Isis and the secret name of Ra.
Egyptian Tales, First Series: Tales of the Magicians ↗
W. M. Flinders Petrie (1853–1942) · 1895; second edition 1899; ebook updated 2016
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1895; second edition 1899; ebook updated 2016
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Historical edition; Project Gutenberg identifies US public-domain status. No worldwide license asserted.
- Rights assessment
- Historical translation consulted against modern institutional records. Its obsolete manuscript dating and speculative commentary are not adopted. No ebook or illustrations redistributed.
- Attribution
- W. M. Flinders Petrie (1853–1942). Egyptian Tales, First Series: Tales of the Magicians. Project Gutenberg; Methuen historical edition. 1895; second edition 1899; ebook updated 2016.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Djadjaemankh folds a lake · Dedi refuses the king’s experiment · The secret birth of three kings · Khnum: making bodies and sustaining a land · Heket: helping a life arrive · Meskhenet: birth, identity, and a future announced · Heka: effective power in words, bodies, and objects.
Egyptian Literary Compositions: Tales at the court of king Khufu ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated educational page; consulted 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated educational page; consulted 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Used for surviving manuscripts, literary setting, and preservation limits; no modern translation or page content copied.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Egyptian Literary Compositions: Tales at the court of king Khufu. University College London. Undated educational page; consulted 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Djadjaemankh folds a lake · Dedi refuses the king’s experiment · The secret birth of three kings · The ba: identity able to move.
Museum: House of Life — appreciating the single object ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated educational page; consulted 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated educational page; consulted 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Used to check identification of the Westcar pendant and the distinction between price and attachment. No images or prose reused.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Museum: House of Life — appreciating the single object. University College London. Undated educational page; consulted 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Djadjaemankh folds a lake.
Cambridgewordfest previews at Fitzwilliam Museum ↗
University of Cambridge · 2006-04-19
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2006-04-19
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Institutional account confirms the missing ending and the dog pursuit. Consulted for facts; no prose reproduced.
- Attribution
- University of Cambridge. Cambridgewordfest previews at Fitzwilliam Museum. University of Cambridge / Fitzwilliam Museum. 2006-04-19.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The prince threatened by three fates.
Stèle de Bakhtan, E 13481 / C 284 ↗
Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes · Catalogue gives Dynasty 21 tentatively and notes Persian or Ptolemaic alternatives; page consulted 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Catalogue gives Dynasty 21 tentatively and notes Persian or Ptolemaic alternatives; page consulted 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Dating disagreement and findspot preserved explicitly. The photograph has separate named rights and is not reproduced.
- Attribution
- Musée du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes. Stèle de Bakhtan, E 13481 / C 284. Musée du Louvre. Catalogue gives Dynasty 21 tentatively and notes Persian or Ptolemaic alternatives; page consulted 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Magical Stela with Horus the Child, 50.85 ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · Object 360–343 BCE; undated catalogue page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Object 360–343 BCE; undated catalogue page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Object metadata and curatorial interpretation consulted. Image public-domain label does not license all webpage text; no asset or translation reproduced.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. Magical Stela with Horus the Child, 50.85. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Object 360–343 BCE; undated catalogue page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Isis and the seven scorpions · Horus is poisoned and the sun stands still · Bes: a protective face close to daily life · Heka: effective power in words, bodies, and objects.
The First Tale of Setne Khamwas: Setne and Naneferkaptah ↗
Miriam Lichtheim (translator); Attalus web edition · 1980 translation; web page 2020-02-15
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1980 translation; web page 2020-02-15
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Modern translation consulted to check material abridged by Petrie, especially Tabubu and the ending. Copyright retained; no translated wording reproduced.
- Attribution
- Miriam Lichtheim (translator); Attalus web edition. The First Tale of Setne Khamwas: Setne and Naneferkaptah. Ancient Egyptian Literature III (1980), pp. 127–138; Attalus. 1980 translation; web page 2020-02-15.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Setne and the book that should be returned · Heka: effective power in words, bodies, and objects.
Childbirth ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated educational page; consulted 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated educational page; consulted 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Used for birth bricks, birth imagery, and limits of archaeological inference. No images or modern wording reused.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Childbirth. University College London. Undated educational page; consulted 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Heket: helping a life arrive · Meskhenet: birth, identity, and a future announced · Taweret: a formidable body for protection.
Horus stelae ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated educational page; bibliography includes 1999
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated educational page; bibliography includes 1999
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Includes primary incantations in modern translation and object history. Paraphrased for commentary; not presented as medical instructions.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Horus stelae. University College London. Undated educational page; bibliography includes 1999.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Sekhmet: dangerous strength turned toward healing · Heka: effective power in words, bodies, and objects.
Ancient Egypt — the House of Life: textual sources ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities, following Alan H. Gardiner · Based on Gardiner 1938; undated educational page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Based on Gardiner 1938; undated educational page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Used for numbered ancient attestations and institutional context. Modern translated passages are not reproduced.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities, following Alan H. Gardiner. Ancient Egypt — the House of Life: textual sources. University College London. Based on Gardiner 1938; undated educational page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Apep: the enemy who must be overcome again · Khnum: making bodies and sustaining a land · Heka: effective power in words, bodies, and objects.
Amulet with twinned Bes-images, 23.6.36 ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · Object ca. 1300–700 BCE; undated catalogue page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Object ca. 1300–700 BCE; undated catalogue page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Curatorial interpretation retains its uncertainty about household use. No image or catalogue prose copied.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. Amulet with twinned Bes-images, 23.6.36. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Object ca. 1300–700 BCE; undated catalogue page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Hatnefer’s Chair, 36.3.152 ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · Object ca. 1491–1473 BCE; undated catalogue page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Object ca. 1491–1473 BCE; undated catalogue page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Excavated context and protective decoration consulted. No photograph or prose reproduced.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. Hatnefer’s Chair, 36.3.152. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Object ca. 1491–1473 BCE; undated catalogue page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Bes: a protective face close to daily life · The djed: giving stability a visible form.
Scarab with Representations of Taweret and Hathor, 04.2.570 ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · Object ca. 1080–664 BCE; undated catalogue page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Object ca. 1080–664 BCE; undated catalogue page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- The museum identifies Taweret tentatively. Image download is restricted on this page; no imagery reused.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. Scarab with Representations of Taweret and Hathor, 04.2.570. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Object ca. 1080–664 BCE; undated catalogue page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Djed pillar amulet, 10.130.1814 ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · Object ca. 1080–30 BCE; undated catalogue page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Object ca. 1080–30 BCE; undated catalogue page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Object, material, and funerary use consulted. No catalogue text or image copied.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. Djed pillar amulet, 10.130.1814. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Object ca. 1080–30 BCE; undated catalogue page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Scarab with Ba bird and nefer, 04.2.327 ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · Object ca. 721–525 BCE; undated catalogue page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Object ca. 721–525 BCE; undated catalogue page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Used for this specific iconographic combination, not a universal anatomy of the soul. No image or prose reproduced.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. Scarab with Ba bird and nefer, 04.2.327. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Object ca. 721–525 BCE; undated catalogue page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The ba: identity able to move.
The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · 2005–2006 exhibition
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2005–2006 exhibition
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Used for Sekhmet’s destructive and protective associations and the healing-stela context. Historical belief is not medical advice; no prose or imagery reused.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2005–2006 exhibition.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Book of the Dead Chapter 17 ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities; text after Naville, sections after T. G. Allen · Modern educational edition following Allen 1974; undated page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Modern educational edition following Allen 1974; undated page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- A composite edition from multiple manuscripts, not a transcription of one papyrus. Ancient identifications paraphrased with section numbers; no modern translation copied.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities; text after Naville, sections after T. G. Allen. Book of the Dead Chapter 17. University College London. Modern educational edition following Allen 1974; undated page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Apep: the enemy who must be overcome again · Ammit: the consequence beside the scales · Shu: the work of holding space open · Tefnut: a first companion in creation · The Duat: a passage through hidden worlds · The ba: identity able to move.
Cat in religion ↗
Digital Egypt for Universities · Undated educational page; consulted 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Undated educational page; consulted 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Used for the Ra-as-cat image accompanying Book of the Dead 17; no images or modern prose copied.
- Attribution
- Digital Egypt for Universities. Cat in religion. University College London. Undated educational page; consulted 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Amduat papyrus inscribed for Gautsoshen, 25.3.31 ↗
Department of Egyptian Art · Object ca. 1000–945 BCE; undated catalogue page
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Object ca. 1000–945 BCE; undated catalogue page
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference access only; no commercial reuse license assumed for modern prose or imagery.
- Rights assessment
- Excavated context, inscriptions, and scene descriptions consulted. No papyrus image or modern translation reproduced.
- Attribution
- Department of Egyptian Art. Amduat papyrus inscribed for Gautsoshen, 25.3.31. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Object ca. 1000–945 BCE; undated catalogue page.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Serqet: protection at the edge of poison · The Duat: a passage through hidden worlds · The Field of Reeds: a life with water and grain · The ba: identity able to move.
The Tales of Mother Goose ↗
Charles Perrault; translated by Charles Welsh · French tales 1697; Welsh translation 1901
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- French tales 1697; Welsh translation 1901
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- The catalog marks the text unrestricted under US copyright. That is not a worldwide commercial license. We link to the edition and publish original explanations, not its translation, illustrations, electronic text, or editorial apparatus. Territorial reuse of the edition requires separate review.
- Attribution
- Charles Perrault; translated by Charles Welsh. The Tales of Mother Goose. French tales 1697; Welsh translation 1901.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Cinderella: two paths to recognition · Little Red Riding Hood · Conditions, warnings, and forbidden acts · Objects that reveal an identity · Sleeping Beauty: the story after the awakening · Bluebeard and the forbidden chamber · Puss in Boots and the invented marquis · Little Thumb and the ogre’s boots · Names that change the terms of a story · Appearances, disguises and the evidence that breaks them · When a journey returns to another time · Enchanted objects and the knowledge needed to use them.
Grimms’ Fairy Tales ↗
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm; translations based on Edgar Taylor and Marian Edwardes · German collection 1812–1857; mixed historical English translations
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- German collection 1812–1857; mixed historical English translations
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- The catalog marks the text unrestricted under US copyright. That is not a worldwide commercial license. We link to the edition and publish original explanations, not its translation, illustrations, electronic text, or editorial apparatus. Territorial reuse of the edition requires separate review. The electronic collection is not a critical edition and its preparer does not map every tale to a particular translator.
- Attribution
- Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm; translations based on Edgar Taylor and Marian Edwardes. Grimms’ Fairy Tales. German collection 1812–1857; mixed historical English translations.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Cinderella: two paths to recognition · Little Red Riding Hood · Helpful animals · Objects that reveal an identity · Sleeping Beauty: the story after the awakening · The Frog Prince: three nights, not a kiss · Rumpelstiltskin and the price of impossible work · Rapunzel: confinement, escape and reunion · Hansel and Gretel: hunger and the false refuge · The travelling musicians find a home · Names that change the terms of a story · Impossible tasks and who sets them · Appearances, disguises and the evidence that breaks them · Bargains made under pressure · When a journey returns to another time.
Japanese Fairy Tales ↗
Yei Theodora Ozaki · Collection first published 1903; online text includes a Tokyo 1908 dedication and preface
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Collection first published 1903; online text includes a Tokyo 1908 dedication and preface
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- The catalog marks the text unrestricted under US copyright. That is not a worldwide commercial license. We link to the edition and publish original explanations, not its translation, illustrations, electronic text, or editorial apparatus. Territorial reuse of the edition requires separate review. Ozaki explicitly describes adaptation from Sadanami Sanjin rather than literal translation.
- Attribution
- Yei Theodora Ozaki. Japanese Fairy Tales. Collection first published 1903; online text includes a Tokyo 1908 dedication and preface.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Momotarō, the peach-born son · The tongue-cut sparrow · Helpful animals · Urashima Tarō and the lost centuries · Kintarō, the golden boy of the mountains · The bamboo-cutter and the moon-child · The old man who made withered trees flower · The monkey and the jellyfish · Impossible tasks and who sets them · Care, gifts and the limits of repayment · When a journey returns to another time · Repeated trials and the moment a pattern breaks · Enchanted objects and the knowledge needed to use them.
Indian Fairy Tales ↗
Joseph Jacobs, editor · 1892
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1892
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- The catalog marks the text unrestricted under US copyright. That is not a worldwide commercial license. We link to the edition and publish original explanations, not its translation, illustrations, electronic text, or editorial apparatus. Territorial reuse of the edition requires separate review. Colonial-era terminology and diffusion theories are historical claims, not the editorial position of this atlas.
- Attribution
- Joseph Jacobs, editor. Indian Fairy Tales. 1892.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The tiger, the Brahman, and the jackal · The talkative tortoise · Helpful animals · Conditions, warnings, and forbidden acts · Trickery and its costs · The broken pot and the imagined fortune · Lambikin and the rolling drum · The ass in the lion’s skin · Appearances, disguises and the evidence that breaks them · Repeated trials and the moment a pattern breaks.
Popular Tales from the Norse ↗
Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe; translated by George Webbe Dasent · English collection 1859; online text based on an enlarged edition
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- English collection 1859; online text based on an enlarged edition
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- The catalog marks the text unrestricted under US copyright. That is not a worldwide commercial license. We link to the edition and publish original explanations, not its translation, illustrations, electronic text, or editorial apparatus. Territorial reuse of the edition requires separate review.
- Attribution
- Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe; translated by George Webbe Dasent. Popular Tales from the Norse. English collection 1859; online text based on an enlarged edition.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The talkative tortoise · East of the sun, west of the moon · Conditions, warnings, and forbidden acts · Objects that reveal an identity · The three billy-goats Gruff · Why the sea is salt · The giant who kept his heart elsewhere · Bargains made under pressure · Care, gifts and the limits of repayment · Repeated trials and the moment a pattern breaks · Enchanted objects and the knowledge needed to use them.
Jamaica Anansi Stories, 21: Anansi and the Tar-baby ↗
Richard Morgan and George Parkes, storytellers; Martha Warren Beckwith, collector · 1924
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1924
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- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- The 1924 printed work is a historical source. Beckwith died in 1959; public-domain status varies by territory and modern transcription rights are separate. No dialect transcription, music, photograph, or translation is reproduced. Storytellers are credited individually.
- Attribution
- Richard Morgan and George Parkes, storytellers; Martha Warren Beckwith, collector. Jamaica Anansi Stories, 21: Anansi and the Tar-baby. 1924.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Anansi and the sticky trap · Trickery and its costs.
Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-five Variants ↗
Marian Roalfe Cox · 1893
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1893
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- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- Cox died in 1916. The historical work is consulted for its comparative method and bibliography; the digitized images, OCR and typography are not reused. Its categories and historical hierarchies are not endorsed.
- Attribution
- Marian Roalfe Cox. Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-five Variants. 1893.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Cinderella: two paths to recognition · Objects that reveal an identity.
The Project Gutenberg License ↗
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation · Current policy, accessed 13 November 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Current policy, accessed 13 November 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-13
- License / use
- Reference only; no translation or image reproduced.
- Rights assessment
- Policy reference only. Explicitly warns readers outside the United States to check local law and distinguishes text rights from trademark and electronic-edition conditions.
- Attribution
- Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. The Project Gutenberg License. Current policy, accessed 13 November 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Original plot explanation and commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in the source policy and editorial methodology.
Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament: selected primary translations ↗
Robert William Rogers, translator and editor (1864–1930) · 1912 English edition of selected cuneiform texts and a Greek-mediated Berossos account; ancient witnesses vary by composition.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1912 English edition of selected cuneiform texts and a Greek-mediated Berossos account; ancient witnesses vary by composition.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1912 publication is public domain in the United States; no blanket license asserted for the hosting site or separate digital assets.
- Rights assessment
- Public-domain historical text used for original commentary. The scan is a research link only, not republished. Older restorations, obsolete equivalences, and comparative religious judgments are not adopted as established facts; rights outside the United States require separate consideration.
- Attribution
- Robert W. Rogers, Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament (1912), cited by printed page, composition, and verified line or column where available.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Marduk and the making of an ordered world · Adapa and the food of life · Ishtar enters the land of no return · Nergal and Ereshkigal in the Amarna account · Sargon’s basket and borrowed beginning · Utnapishtim survives the flood · The worm that asked for a tooth · Xisuthros and the recovered writings · Reeds, earth, and the inhabited world · Inana’s descent and the required substitute · Inana defeats the mountain Ebih · Marduk in epic and procession · Tiamat as ancestor and adversary · Apsu and the threatened younger gods · Ea as adviser and intervening intelligence · Anu and the heavenly audience · Enlil and the limits of collective force · Ishtar in petition and descent · Ereshkigal’s jurisdiction · Nergal in the short marriage account · Dumuzi in the language of lament · Shamash and the traveler’s appeal · Sin in a bilingual hymn · Adad in storm and abundance · Utnapishtim as survivor and narrator · Aruru and the making of human life · Kingu and contested authority · Mummu’s destructive counsel · Namtar as the queen’s representative · Eridu in service and creation · The land of no return · Babylon in creation and return · Decisions in the divine assembly · The tablet of destinies · Dreams that require a response · Praise as a form of petition · Lamenting an absence that changes a community · Words and substances in the work of healing · Water as danger, carrier, and evidence.
An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic ↗
Morris Jastrow Jr. (1861–1921) and Albert T. Clay (1866–1925), editors and translators · 1920 edition, Yale Oriental Series, Researches IV.3; selected Old Babylonian Akkadian tablets, broadly early second millennium BCE.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1920 edition, Yale Oriental Series, Researches IV.3; selected Old Babylonian Akkadian tablets, broadly early second millennium BCE.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Public domain in the USA according to the Gutenberg edition; Gutenberg electronic-edition and trademark conditions remain distinct.
- Rights assessment
- Original explanations use the public-domain translation of the Pennsylvania and Yale tablets. No translation or plates are reproduced. The editors’ speculative reconstruction of epic development, historical origins, and iconography is not adopted. Rights elsewhere are not inferred from the US statement.
- Attribution
- Morris Jastrow Jr. and Albert T. Clay, An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic (1920), Pennsylvania and Yale tablet translations; Project Gutenberg 11000.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Enkidu reaches Uruk and meets Gilgamesh · Gilgamesh, Aga, and the divided assemblies · Enlil and the limits of collective force · Shamash and the traveler’s appeal · Gilgamesh in selected Akkadian witnesses · Enkidu’s changing social position · Huwawa before the cedar-forest encounter · Ninsun and the interpretation of a relationship · The woman who guides Enkidu · Uruk as a city of spectators and counsel · Dreams that require a response.
Inana’s descent to the nether world — ETCSL 1.4.1 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation adaptation; HTML 2000; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation adaptation; HTML 2000; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.4.1. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Inana and Ebih — ETCSL 1.3.2 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.3.2. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Inana defeats the mountain Ebih.
Gilgamesh and Aga — ETCSL 1.8.1.1 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 2000 translation adaptation and HTML; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 2000 translation adaptation and HTML; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.8.1.1. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Lugalbanda in the mountain cave — ETCSL 1.8.2.1 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.8.2.1. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Lugalbanda (the Anzud-bird composition) — ETCSL 1.8.2.2 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation adaptation; HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation adaptation; HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.8.2.2. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta — ETCSL 1.8.2.3 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.8.2.3. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana — ETCSL 1.8.2.4 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.8.2.4. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Enki and Ninhursanga — ETCSL 1.1.1 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation adaptation; corrections and HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.1.1. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Enki and Ninmah — ETCSL 1.1.2 ↗
Jeremy Black, Graham Cunningham, Esther Flückiger-Hawker, Eleanor Robson, Jon Taylor, Gábor Zólyomi, and credited ETCSL contributors · 1998 translation adaptation; HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- 1998 translation adaptation; HTML 1999; formatting revision 2001; composite edition of ancient Sumerian witnesses, not a single surviving complete manuscript.
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Modern copyrighted scholarly translation; the consulted Oxford site asserts copyright and moral rights. No permission to republish the translation or site imagery is inferred.
- Rights assessment
- Brief original commentary refers to this composition; no translation, transliteration, or imagery is reproduced. Separate comparisons identify their own witnesses.
- Attribution
- Black and colleagues, The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature, Oxford, 1998–; composition 1.1.2. Contributors and copyright: https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/credits.htm
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
The Courtship of Etain — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., The Courtship of Etain, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Étaín between two households · Étaín · Midir · Fuamnach · Ailill of Connacht · Tara as a place of public claims.
Mac Datho’s Boar — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., Mac Datho’s Boar, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The disastrous feast of Mac Dathó · Conchobar · Ailbe, the hound sought by two provinces · The champion’s portion and competitive memory.
The Sick-Bed of Cuchulain — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., The Sick-Bed of Cuchulain, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Cú Chulainn’s sickness and Fand’s departure · Cú Chulainn · Fand · Emer · Láeg · Manannán across two selected witnesses · Emain Macha.
The Exile of the Sons of Usnach: Book of Leinster version — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume I, 1905; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., The Exile of the Sons of Usnach: Book of Leinster version, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Deirdre and the betrayed sons of Uisnech · Deirdre · Conchobar · Fergus · Emain Macha · Promises, prohibitions, and unreliable protection.
The Raid for the Cattle of Fraech — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., The Raid for the Cattle of Fraech, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Fráech wins recognition and recovers his cattle · Medb · Ailill of Connacht · Fráech · Findabair · Serpents and disruptive water creatures · Cruachan in the cattle narratives · Cattle, marriage, and military supply · Healing objects and the power to withhold.
The Raid for the Cattle of Regamon — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., The Raid for the Cattle of Regamon, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The raid on Regamon’s cattle · Medb · Ailill of Connacht · Cruachan in the cattle narratives · Cattle, marriage, and military supply.
The Driving of the Cattle of Flidais — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., The Driving of the Cattle of Flidais, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Flidais, Fergus, and the captured herd · Fergus · Medb · Ailill of Connacht · Flidais · Cattle, marriage, and military supply.
The Apparition of the Great Queen to Cuchulain — Leahy translation ↗
Anonymous Irish literary narratives; translated and arranged by Arthur Herbert Leahy (1857–1928) · Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Volume II, 1906; Project Gutenberg eBook released May 2004 and updated 29 June 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The historical translator died in 1928. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. Only original commentary is published here; no translation paragraphs, historical images, or modern editorial apparatus are reproduced.
- Attribution
- A. H. Leahy, trans., The Apparition of the Great Queen to Cuchulain, in Heroic Romances of Ireland; Project Gutenberg eBook 5680.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Cú Chulainn confronts the Morrígan · Cú Chulainn · Láeg · The Morrígan in the cattle prelude · Serpents and disruptive water creatures · Cruachan in the cattle narratives.
The Fate of the Children of Lir — Joyce adaptation ↗
Irish literary narrative; translated and adapted by Patrick Weston Joyce (1827–1914) · Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical text identified by the host as public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg’s electronic-edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- The consulted edition is historical and Joyce died in 1914. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas publishes original explanations, not copied translation paragraphs or book illustrations.
- Attribution
- P. W. Joyce, trans. and adapter, The Fate of the Children of Lir, Old Celtic Romances (1920 print witness), Project Gutenberg eBook 38041.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The children of Lir become swans · The Sea of Moyle in the swan story.
The Fate of the Children of Turenn — Joyce adaptation ↗
Irish literary narrative; translated and adapted by Patrick Weston Joyce (1827–1914) · Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
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- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical text identified by the host as public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg’s electronic-edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- The consulted edition is historical and Joyce died in 1914. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas publishes original explanations, not copied translation paragraphs or book illustrations.
- Attribution
- P. W. Joyce, trans. and adapter, The Fate of the Children of Turenn, Old Celtic Romances (1920 print witness), Project Gutenberg eBook 38041.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The children of Tuireann pay Lugh’s fine · Lugh in the quest of Tuireann’s sons · Manannán across two selected witnesses · Failinis, the hound of Iroda · Enbarr, Manannán’s traveling horse · Tara as a place of public claims · Promises, prohibitions, and unreliable protection · Healing objects and the power to withhold · Voyage as a change in purpose.
The Overflowing of Lough Neagh and the Story of Liban the Mermaid — Joyce adaptation ↗
Irish literary narrative; translated and adapted by Patrick Weston Joyce (1827–1914) · Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
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- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical text identified by the host as public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg’s electronic-edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- The consulted edition is historical and Joyce died in 1914. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas publishes original explanations, not copied translation paragraphs or book illustrations.
- Attribution
- P. W. Joyce, trans. and adapter, The Overflowing of Lough Neagh and the Story of Liban the Mermaid, Old Celtic Romances (1920 print witness), Project Gutenberg eBook 38041.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Lí Ban survives beneath Lough Neagh.
Connla of the Golden Hair and the Fairy Maiden — Joyce adaptation ↗
Irish literary narrative; translated and adapted by Patrick Weston Joyce (1827–1914) · Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
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- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical text identified by the host as public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg’s electronic-edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- The consulted edition is historical and Joyce died in 1914. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas publishes original explanations, not copied translation paragraphs or book illustrations.
- Attribution
- P. W. Joyce, trans. and adapter, Connla of the Golden Hair and the Fairy Maiden, Old Celtic Romances (1920 print witness), Project Gutenberg eBook 38041.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Connla follows the woman from the otherworld · Tír na nÓg in Oisín’s journey · Food that feeds, detains, and marks a boundary.
The Voyage of Maildun — Joyce adaptation ↗
Irish literary narrative; translated and adapted by Patrick Weston Joyce (1827–1914) · Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical text identified by the host as public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg’s electronic-edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- The consulted edition is historical and Joyce died in 1914. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas publishes original explanations, not copied translation paragraphs or book illustrations.
- Attribution
- P. W. Joyce, trans. and adapter, The Voyage of Maildun, Old Celtic Romances (1920 print witness), Project Gutenberg eBook 38041.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Máel Dúin returns without taking revenge · The little cat guarding the empty palace · Food that feeds, detains, and marks a boundary · Voyage as a change in purpose.
The Chase of Slieve Cullinn — Joyce adaptation ↗
Irish literary narrative; translated and adapted by Patrick Weston Joyce (1827–1914) · Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical text identified by the host as public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg’s electronic-edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- The consulted edition is historical and Joyce died in 1914. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas publishes original explanations, not copied translation paragraphs or book illustrations.
- Attribution
- P. W. Joyce, trans. and adapter, The Chase of Slieve Cullinn, Old Celtic Romances (1920 print witness), Project Gutenberg eBook 38041.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Fionn’s youth returns but his hair stays grey · Fionn in Joyce’s Fenian tales · Promises, prohibitions, and unreliable protection · Healing objects and the power to withhold.
Oisin in Tirnanoge — Joyce adaptation ↗
Irish literary narrative; translated and adapted by Patrick Weston Joyce (1827–1914) · Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Consulted print edition dated 1920; preface to the third edition dated 1907; Project Gutenberg release 17 November 2011
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- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical text identified by the host as public domain in the USA; Project Gutenberg’s electronic-edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- The consulted edition is historical and Joyce died in 1914. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas publishes original explanations, not copied translation paragraphs or book illustrations.
- Attribution
- P. W. Joyce, trans. and adapter, Oisin in Tirnanoge, Old Celtic Romances (1920 print witness), Project Gutenberg eBook 38041.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Oisín returns from the Land of Youth · Fionn in Joyce’s Fenian tales · Enbarr, Manannán’s traveling horse · Tír na nÓg in Oisín’s journey.
The Lady of the Fountain — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., The Lady of the Fountain, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Owain and the Lady of the Fountain · Lunet · Owain’s lion · Caerllion in Arthurian narrative.
Peredur the Son of Evrawc — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Peredur the Son of Evrawc, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Peredur learns what to ask · When speaking is dangerous and silence fails.
Geraint the Son of Erbin — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Geraint the Son of Erbin, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Geraint and Enid’s troubled journey · Enid · Arthur in the Welsh tales · Caerllion in Arthurian narrative · When speaking is dangerous and silence fails.
Kilhwch and Olwen — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Kilhwch and Olwen, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in How Culhwch obtains Olwen · Arthur in the Welsh tales · Gwyn ap Nudd · Twrch Trwyth · The oldest animals and Mabon’s prison · Annwn in selected Welsh prose · Promises made before the request.
The Dream of Rhonabwy — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., The Dream of Rhonabwy, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Rhonabwy dreams Arthur’s army · Arthur in the Welsh tales · How tales make remembering visible.
Pwyll Prince of Dyved — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Pwyll Prince of Dyved, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Pwyll exchanges kingdoms with Arawn · Rhiannon chooses Pwyll · The stolen child and Rhiannon’s vindication · Pwyll · Rhiannon · Pryderi · Arawn · The white hounds of Annwn · Annwn in selected Welsh prose · Narberth and its mound · Promises made before the request · Ruling through repair · When speaking is dangerous and silence fails.
Branwen the Daughter of Llyr — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Branwen the Daughter of Llyr, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Branwen and the ruin of two islands · Pryderi · Branwen · Bendigeidfran · Efnisien · Harlech in Branwen’s story · Gwales and the unopened door · Cauldrons with different powers · Ruling through repair · How tales make remembering visible.
Manawyddan the Son of Llyr — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Manawyddan the Son of Llyr, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Rhiannon chooses Pwyll · Manawydan frees enchanted Dyfed · Rhiannon · Pryderi · Manawydan · Narberth and its mound · Ruling through repair · Skills that sustain the displaced.
Math the Son of Mathonwy — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Math the Son of Mathonwy, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Gwydion’s deception and the war over pigs · Lleu, Blodeuwedd, and the impossible death · Pryderi · Arawn · Gwydion · Math · Arianrhod · Blodeuwedd · Annwn in selected Welsh prose · Caer Dathyl · Changed bodies, continuing obligations · Skills that sustain the displaced · How tales make remembering visible.
The Dream of Maxen Wledig — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., The Dream of Maxen Wledig, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Maxen follows a dream to Britain.
The Story of Lludd and Llevelys — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., The Story of Lludd and Llevelys, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Lludd and Llefelys end three plagues · The fighting dragons beneath Britain · Cauldrons with different powers.
Taliesin — Guest translation ↗
Anonymous Welsh narrative; translated by Lady Charlotte Guest (later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, 1812–1895) · Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Guest translation first published in the 1838–1849 Mabinogion series; historical reprint transcribed by Gutenberg; digital edition updated 4 October 2021
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Historical translation identified by the host as public domain in the USA; electronic-edition and trademark terms remain separate.
- Rights assessment
- The underlying translation is nineteenth-century and its translator died in 1895. No worldwide copyright clearance is asserted. This atlas reproduces no translation paragraphs, illustrations, or editorial apparatus; it provides original commentary and a source link.
- Attribution
- Lady Charlotte Guest, trans., Taliesin, in The Mabinogion; Project Gutenberg eBook 5160.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in Gwion becomes Taliesin and repays Elffin · Ceridwen · Cauldrons with different powers · Changed bodies, continuing obligations.
Kalevala, The Land of the Heroes, Volume One ↗
Elias Lönnrot (compiler, 1802–1884); translated by William Forsell Kirby (1844–1912) · Expanded Finnish compilation 1849; translation first published 1907; digitized printing lists reprints through 1936
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Expanded Finnish compilation 1849; translation first published 1907; digitized printing lists reprints through 1936
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Gutenberg catalog identifies public-domain status in the USA; electronic edition and trademark conditions are separate.
- Rights assessment
- Historical translation consulted; all explanations are original. No translated verse, illustrations, or later decorative artwork reproduced. A US catalog label is not worldwide clearance for every component of a later printing.
- Attribution
- Elias Lönnrot, Kalevala, translated W. F. Kirby, vol. I, runos I–XXV; translation 1907, Gutenberg eBook 25953. Passage numbering follows Kirby.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The world from broken eggs · The great oak and the first barley · Väinämöinen and Joukahainen’s contest · Aino and the unrecognized fish · The wound and the origin of iron · Ilmarinen forges the Sampo · Lemminkäinen and Kyllikki’s broken agreement · Lemminkäinen’s death and restoration · The boat and the missing words · Ilmarinen’s courtship and wedding · Väinämöinen · Ilmarinen · Lemminkäinen · Louhi · Ilmatar · Aino · Joukahainen · Kyllikki · Lemminkäinen’s mother · Antero Vipunen · Ukko · Sampsa Pellervoinen · Tapio · Mielikki · Pohjola · Tuonela · Saari and the island of refuge · The Sampo · Knowing a thing’s origin · The wedding’s many voices · Healing as words, work, and assistance · The healing bee · Hiisi’s elk · The maiden of Pohjola · Annikki.
Kalevala, The Land of the Heroes, Volume Two ↗
Elias Lönnrot (compiler, 1802–1884); translated by William Forsell Kirby (1844–1912) · Expanded Finnish compilation 1849; English translation first published 1907
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Expanded Finnish compilation 1849; English translation first published 1907
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Gutenberg catalog identifies public-domain status in the USA; branded eBook redistribution has separate conditions.
- Rights assessment
- Reference only; no translated verse or artwork reproduced. No blanket worldwide reuse status inferred from the US catalog notice.
- Attribution
- Elias Lönnrot, Kalevala, translated W. F. Kirby, vol. II, runos XXVI–L; translation 1907, Gutenberg eBook 33089.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in The uninvited guest of Pohjola · The tragedy of Kullervo · The golden bride and the failed replacement · The taking and breaking of the Sampo · Recovering fire, sun, and moon · Marjatta’s child and the departing singer · Väinämöinen · Ilmarinen · Lemminkäinen · Louhi · Ilmatar · Lemminkäinen’s mother · Kullervo · Untamo · Kalervo · Marjatta · Ukko · Tapio · Mielikki · Ahto of the waters · Otso, the bear · Pohjola · Saari and the island of refuge · The Sampo · The kantele · Knowing a thing’s origin · Healing as words, work, and assistance · Pakkanen, the Frost · The maiden of Pohjola · Loviatar and the origins of disease.
Kalevala – European Heritage Label ↗
Finnish Literature Society (SKS) · Institutional account, undated page; consulted 2026
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Institutional account, undated page; consulted 2026
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- No general open license asserted for the institutional article or images.
- Rights assessment
- Used for concise factual context on the 1835/1849 editions, compilation, and Karelian, Finnish, and Ingrian source traditions. No article prose or imagery reproduced.
- Attribution
- Finnish Literature Society, “Kalevala – European Heritage Label,” accessed 14 November 2026.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for original commentary; no reproduced translation or imagery.
Used in the source policy and editorial methodology.
Panchatantra, Book 1: The Loss of Friends ↗
Pūrṇabhadra recension (1199 CE); English translation by Arthur W. Ryder (1877–1938), based on Johannes Hertel’s Sanskrit edition · Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1925 translation is public domain in the United States and under ordinary life-plus-70 terms; no license is assumed for modern host commentary or images.
- Rights assessment
- Used for original synopses and interpretation. No translation paragraphs, verses, scans, or illustrations reproduced. Bibliographic titles and page ranges checked against Frances Pritchett’s hosted 1925 edition index. This is a selected recension, not an exhaustive record of Indian storytelling.
- Attribution
- The Panchatantra, translated by Arthur W. Ryder, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925, Book 1; online reading transcription by R. Shreevatsa.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for newly written explanations; no source images or translated passages reproduced.
Used in Strong-Tooth and the palace sweeper · Godly and the disciple who stole his savings · The crow-hen, the snake, and the stolen chain · The heron’s rescue service and the crab · Numskull and the rabbit at the well · The weaver who impersonated Vishnu · The blue jackal’s borrowed kingship · The plovers who challenged the ocean · Forethought, Readywit, and Fatalist · The sparrow’s alliance against the elephant · Right-Mind, Wrong-Mind, and the tree witness · The mice that ate iron · Rusty: the lion whose court loses its balance · Lively: the recovered bull at the lion’s court · Victor: the counselor who manufactures distrust · Cheek: a counselor against destructive cleverness · The iron balance-beam and the impossible counterclaim · The wooden Garuda and the borrowed divine identity · The crow-hen’s stolen gold chain.
Panchatantra, Book 2: The Winning of Friends ↗
Pūrṇabhadra recension (1199 CE); English translation by Arthur W. Ryder (1877–1938), based on Johannes Hertel’s Sanskrit edition · Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1925 translation is public domain in the United States and under ordinary life-plus-70 terms; no license is assumed for modern host commentary or images.
- Rights assessment
- Used for original synopses and interpretation. No translation paragraphs, verses, scans, or illustrations reproduced. Bibliographic titles and page ranges checked against Frances Pritchett’s hosted 1925 edition index. This is a selected recension, not an exhaustive record of Indian storytelling.
- Attribution
- The Panchatantra, translated by Arthur W. Ryder, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925, Book 2; online reading transcription by R. Shreevatsa.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for newly written explanations; no source images or translated passages reproduced.
Used in The jackal who began with the bowstring · Mister Duly and the sentence that became his name · The mice who released the elephants · Spot’s two captivities and the rescue of Slow · Gold: the mouse who makes escape possible · Swift: the crow who connects separate lives · Slow: the turtle whose affection creates a new danger · Spot: the deer who becomes a rescuer · Gay-Neck: a king who asks to be freed last.
Panchatantra, Book 3: Crows and Owls ↗
Pūrṇabhadra recension (1199 CE); English translation by Arthur W. Ryder (1877–1938), based on Johannes Hertel’s Sanskrit edition · Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1925 translation is public domain in the United States and under ordinary life-plus-70 terms; no license is assumed for modern host commentary or images.
- Rights assessment
- Used for original synopses and interpretation. No translation paragraphs, verses, scans, or illustrations reproduced. Bibliographic titles and page ranges checked against Frances Pritchett’s hosted 1925 edition index. This is a selected recension, not an exhaustive record of Indian storytelling.
- Attribution
- The Panchatantra, translated by Arthur W. Ryder, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925, Book 3; online reading transcription by R. Shreevatsa.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for newly written explanations; no source images or translated passages reproduced.
Used in The rabbit who claimed to speak for the Moon · The cat who offered to settle a housing dispute · The three rogues and the Brahman’s goat · The snake who paid for a daily offering · The thief and the ghost who could not agree · The mouse-maiden and the search for the strongest husband · The cave that answered the jackal · Live-Strong: the infiltrator at the owls’ gate · Cloudy: the crow king who listens and performs · Foe-Crusher: the owl king who admits an enemy · Red-Eye: the counselor who chooses to leave · The moon’s reflection as a claimed royal presence · The cave that answers in the wrong voice.
Panchatantra, Book 4: Loss of Gains ↗
Pūrṇabhadra recension (1199 CE); English translation by Arthur W. Ryder (1877–1938), based on Johannes Hertel’s Sanskrit edition · Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1925 translation is public domain in the United States and under ordinary life-plus-70 terms; no license is assumed for modern host commentary or images.
- Rights assessment
- Used for original synopses and interpretation. No translation paragraphs, verses, scans, or illustrations reproduced. Bibliographic titles and page ranges checked against Frances Pritchett’s hosted 1925 edition index. This is a selected recension, not an exhaustive record of Indian storytelling.
- Attribution
- The Panchatantra, translated by Arthur W. Ryder, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925, Book 4; online reading transcription by R. Shreevatsa.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for newly written explanations; no source images or translated passages reproduced.
Used in The potter whose scar looked like a battle wound · How Supersmart gained the elephant carcass.
Panchatantra, Book 5: Ill-considered Action ↗
Pūrṇabhadra recension (1199 CE); English translation by Arthur W. Ryder (1877–1938), based on Johannes Hertel’s Sanskrit edition · Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1925 translation is public domain in the United States and under ordinary life-plus-70 terms; no license is assumed for modern host commentary or images.
- Rights assessment
- Used for original synopses and interpretation. No translation paragraphs, verses, scans, or illustrations reproduced. Bibliographic titles and page ranges checked against Frances Pritchett’s hosted 1925 edition index. This is a selected recension, not an exhaustive record of Indian storytelling.
- Attribution
- The Panchatantra, translated by Arthur W. Ryder, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925, Book 5; online reading transcription by R. Shreevatsa.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for newly written explanations; no source images or translated passages reproduced.
Used in The loyal mongoose and the bloodstained welcome · The four treasure-seekers and the turning wheel · The scholars who brought a lion back to life · The donkey who insisted on singing · The weaver who wished for another head and two more arms · The wheel beyond the last treasure.
Panchatantra: the narrative introduction ↗
Pūrṇabhadra recension (1199 CE); English translation by Arthur W. Ryder (1877–1938), based on Johannes Hertel’s Sanskrit edition · Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1925 translation is public domain in the United States and under ordinary life-plus-70 terms; no license is assumed for modern host commentary or images.
- Rights assessment
- Used for original synopses and interpretation. No translation paragraphs, verses, scans, or illustrations reproduced. Bibliographic titles and page ranges checked against Frances Pritchett’s hosted 1925 edition index. This is a selected recension, not an exhaustive record of Indian storytelling.
- Attribution
- The Panchatantra, translated by Arthur W. Ryder, 1925, author’s preface, pp. 13–15; R. Shreevatsa transcription.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for newly written explanations; no source images or translated passages reproduced.
Panchatantra: Ryder 1925 edition index and scanned pages ↗
Arthur W. Ryder, translator; scanned edition hosted by Frances W. Pritchett · Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
Edition, attribution & rights
- Source date
- Pūrṇabhadra recension 1199 CE; Hertel edition 1908; Ryder translation 1925
- Accessed
- 2026-11-14
- License / use
- Underlying 1925 translation is public domain in the United States and under ordinary life-plus-70 terms; no license is assumed for modern host commentary or images.
- Rights assessment
- Edition metadata, book divisions and printed page ranges used to verify the bibliography. No host prose or scanned page imagery reproduced.
- Attribution
- Frances W. Pritchett’s presentation of The Panchatantra, translated by Arthur W. Ryder, University of Chicago Press, 1925.
- Atlas use / modifications
- Referenced for newly written explanations; no source images or translated passages reproduced.
Used in the source policy and editorial methodology.
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